Industrial automation and PLCSCADA System

When an operator continuously read the process temperature and varies heating or cooling input so that the temperature is maintained to the set value, it it called manual control mode. In industrial automation, measurements & variations are done automatically on a continuous basis. Manual control may be used for non-critical applications where major parameter upset is unlikely to happen, where process changes slowly and where operator attention is not very much critical.

What is Industrial Automation ?

When products and manufacturing control is delegated to computers and PLC Systems, it is known as Industrial Automation. Manufacturing assembly lines as well as stand-alone machine , robotic devices come in this category.

What are the different components used in industrial automation?

• Field Sensors for sensing the parameters
• Transmitters for conditioning and converting raw signal into electrical signal
• PLC, DCS or PID based control systems
• Final control elements such as drives, actuators, , Solenoid valves, coils, control valves, Indicating lamps, hooters.

What are the different control systems used in industrial Automation?

• PID Controller based
• Programmable logic controller PLC based
• Distributed control system DCS based
• PC Based industrial automation system

A PLC an electronic device/industrial computer which performs discrete or sequential logic in manufacturing processes, assembly line, standalone machines. Initially PLC system was manufactured to replace mechanical timers, counters, relays. Today PLC systems are used successfully to achieve complicated control operations in a factory/plant. Purpose of PLC System is to monitor process parameters and achieve desired process operations. A sequence of instructions or PLC Program is developed by the user in PLC Programming software and placed into PLC memory. The purpose of this program is to operate PLC System such that desired manufacturing process results are achieved.

PLC System evolved from conventional relay based logics in early 70s. First time PLC system was used for automotive plants. Traditionally in auto plants those days, plants were shut down for a very long time whenever there was a change in model of the car or vehicle. PLC systems with the help of PLC Programming greatly reduced changeover time. Wiring of new or revised relay & control panels was so time consuming, it used to take months. The PLC programming replaced the rewiring of a panel full of wires, timers, counters, relays, & other components. The PLC system helped reduce the changeover time to a matter of few days. 

 

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PLC Programming

In PLC Programming, Programmer writes a set of instructions/ commands informs the PLC to complete the task.  Various types of PLC Programming languages are used but most user friendly and mostly used languages is Ladder diagram. This graphical language is near to general electrical symbols and easily understood by engineers.

• Ladder Diagram (LD): Mostly used PLC programming language which looks like a ladder..
• Functional Block diagram (FBD): PLC programming language that uses large function block for writing program.
• Structured text (ST): This PLC programming language, a series of steps and descriptions are used to write a program. Structure text uses a lots of IF, Else, and TRUE or FALSE notions.
• Instruction List (IL): This PLC programming language that consists of series of sequential statements to write a program.
• Sequential Functional Chart (SFC): This language uses vertical and parallel connected blocks and gates for PLC programming.

What is sourcing and Sinking in PLC system

When positive side of the power source is at Field devices, field device is source of power to the module, it is called sourcing. Field devices on the negative side of the power supply are sinking field devices. Generally Sourcing field devices are connected to sinking I/O cards and Sinking field devices to Sourcing Cards.

Ladder diagram

• Ladder diagram closely resembles to electrical symbols
• Ladder logic diagram is developed in PLC programming software.
• In electrical circuit the devices are described as on or off, where as in Ladder diagram, instructions are either TRUE or FALSE.
• Ladder Logic Program has at least one output and generally contains one or more inputs.

Hardly there are institutions which focus on practical aspects of PLC programming. Sofcon India Pvt Ltd in its fully equipped labs across the country imparts PLC SCADA training, PLC Programming courses in order to equip budding engineers with practical programming skills.

What is Scan Time in PLC Programming

In a PLC system, processor always scans the status of input devices, whether they are true or false.

Scan cycle in PLC is: reading the input, implementing the logic and updating the output. First the PLC checks status of each input if it is on or off. It records this status into its memory to be used during the next step. Then PLC executes the program. Suppose you have written a program which says when input 1 is high, switch on output1. Finally PLC updates the status of the outputs. After the third step is done, PLC goes back to the first step, thus repeating the steps continuously. Time take to complete one cycle is called scan time of the PLC. Generally the scan time of small PLCs is 1-2 milliseconds. In many fast moving manufacturing applications PLC scan time is very critical.

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Why Should B.Tech (ME) should choose HVAC&R& BAS?

Young budding engineers who are pursuing their B.Tech or Diploma in Mechanical Engineering or Electronics Instrumentation and Control should get hands-on training and get themselves skilled in HVAC&R and BAS. Mechanical degree/diploma holders should keep HVAC Design and Draughting as a Major and HVAC Control/BAS (Building Automation System) as a Minor and vice-versa for Electronics and Instrumentation Control.

The prime motivations are as follows:

1. The Indian HVAC market is expected to grow by 30% to over INR 200 Billion from the current turnover of INR 150 Billion, over the next two years, mainly due to the expected growth in the infrastructure and real estate sectors.

2. The potential demand from the construction sector (both conventional and green buildings), aimed to save energy from air conditioning (especially through efficient technologies) will usher a boom period for the HVAC Market by 2035.

3. The initiative of making sub-metro cities as smart cities under the MAKE IN INDIA scheme of Government of India will also help the technocrats and engineers in the areas of Access Control, Surveillance, Fire Alarm and Detection Systems, Gas Suppression System, Public Address Systems etc, 

 
4. India’s home/building automation market is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30%.

Sofcon India Pvt. Ltd., one of the finest training company training no. of students in this area is doing wonders while making career of many Non B.Tech IT students who doesn’t want to get in to IT field.

For more enquiries, Kindly contact:

MsUshaNishad 9873630785, B5, Sec 2, Noida (Near Sec 15 metro station) 

 

For More, visit at www.sofcontraining.com
or

Call Now Our TOLL FREE No. 1800 - 200 – 4051
Noida +91-9873630785
Delhi +91-9711861537
Gurgaon +91-9873588305
Lucknow +91-9838834288
Allahabad +91-7704003025
Jaipur +91-8058033551
Mohali +91-9873349806
Bhopal +91-9755559168
Vadodara +91-9898666980
Ahmedabad +91-9227185900
Pune +91-7387700416